list of countries in antarctica

It is one of the world's coldest and driest placestemperatures there may reach as low as 90C (130F), and the annual precipitation is 13cm (0.391.18in). They searched for a more poetic replacement, suggesting names such as Ultima and Antipodea. As weve already established, there are no countries in Antarctica, and making a list of such countries would be absolutely redundant. [92], Antarctica contains about 90% of the world's ice. Even though it is not a country, it is the coldest region on Earth and is covered in snow all year round. Yes, Antarctica is a continent. The 1959 Antarctica Treaty was signed by 12 countries: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Qantas resumed commercial overflights to Antarctica from Australia in the mid-1990s. Mount Aconcagua, located in the Andes Mountains in Argentina near Chile is the highest point in the Western Hemisphere. The continent is divided into East Antarctica (which is largely composed of a high ice-covered plateau) and West Antarctica (which is largely an ice sheet covering an archipelago of mountainous islands). Antarctica is the continent around the South Pole of the Earth. After the initial treaty, there were some others that followed suit, protecting marine and all other kinds of life on the continent, particularly seals and prohibiting mineral extraction. [141] Ecosystems are impacted by local and global threats, notably pollution, the invasion of non-native species, and the various effects of climate change. List of countries Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Kosovo Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Asia includes 50 countries, and it is the most populated continent, the 60% of the total population of the Earth live here. [61] On top of the base are coal and sandstones, limestones, and shales that were laid down during the Devonian and Jurassic periods to form the Transantarctic Mountains. Let the world have at least one completely demilitarized zone where scientists from all over the globe can come together for the betterment of humankind. Fax. This organism is known for its tolerance to extreme conditions and is mainly used in experiments that simulate space conditions. [102][103] The 'ozone hole' covers almost the whole continent and was at its largest in September 2006;[104] the longest-lasting event occurred in 2020. In many places, continental ice sheets extend from the continent forming massive ice shelves. [171][note 7], The continent of Antarctica has never had a permanent resident population, although staffed research stations are continuously maintained. Since it was instituted, the treaty has grown to include 54 parties, most of which have established research bases on the continent. All these conflicting interactions, double standards, and a glutton for land are to this day causing confusion not only among those visiting the South Pole themselves but also anyone trying to get informed about the bottom of the barrel that are these claims to Antarctican lands. [172] The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer. [204] Argentina, Australia, Chile, and Russia also have a large scientific presence on Antarctica. After this greedy division of the Antarctic region came some better days. The common invertebrates in this Antarctic region include nematodes, springtails, mites and rotifers. [53] Since about 15Ma, the continent has been mostly covered with ice. Ash from eruptions has been found 300 kilometres (190mi) from the volcanic crater. [208] The largest neutrino detector in the world, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, is at the Amundsen-Scott Station. [134] The overfishing of krill (an animal that plays a large role in the Antarctic ecosystem) led officials to enact regulations on fishing. It covers size of 14,000,000 sq km and population of only 1,106. [43][44][45][46], Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125Ma). Finally, there are an additional 12 dependent territories to finish it off (and of course Tasmania too). The list of countries or areas contains the names of countries or areas in alphabetical order, their three-digit numerical codes used for statistical processing purposes by the Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat, and their three-digit alphabetical codes assigned by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). So, does Antarctica have countries? First on tour list of antarctic animal facts is the Emperor penguin Antarctica ( Aptenodytes forsteri ), endemic to Antarctica. The area was later administered as a Norway protectorate area in 1939. There are no countries in Antarctica. Meteorites contain clues about the composition of the Solar System and its early development. [48][49] Marsupials are thought to have dispersed into Australia via Antarctica by the early Eocene. They even put a meteorological station in the region. Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth. Antarctica, including all territorial claims by sovereign states, is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice shelves south of 60S. [94] The continent is losing mass due to the increased flow of its glaciers toward the ocean. It is also inclusive of three island regions i.e. [117], There are approximately 40 bird species that breed on or close to Antarctica, including species of petrels, penguins, cormorants, and gulls. The Antarctica Treaty of 1959 was signed by twelve countries: the United Kingdom was the first to sign the treat followed by Argentine, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, United States of America and The Soviet Union/ Russia. [82], Sea ice extent expands annually during the Antarctic winter, but most of it melts in the summer. Given the region's remoteness and that there have been few visits to the area. In 2012, after the British Foreign & Commonwealth Office designated a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee,[188] the Argentinean government formally protested against the claim. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost 60 metres (200ft). The system features a set of treaties that were later added to the steady foundation that is the Antarctic Treaty. The ice was being held back by a "thread" of ice about 6km (4mi) wide,[89][90] prior to its collapse in 2009. Still, seven countries have territorial claims Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom but those claims are largely ignored. [101], Scientists have studied the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica since the 1970s. For Australia and New Zealand, see, Temperate conditions near the coast in December, The warming trend for Antarctica from 1957 to 2006, based on the analysis of, Conservation and environmental protection, The word was originally pronounced with the first. Holy See and the State of Palestine are the non-member observer states. Antarctica is defined as all land and ice shelves south of 60 S for the purposes of the Treaty System. During the 1950s, seven countries were very eager to lay claim to the Antarctic continent. [153] The British naval officer James Clark Ross failed to realise that what he referred to as "the various patches of land recently discovered by the American, French and English navigators on the verge of the Antarctic Circle" were connected to form a single continent. Countries that hold . [152] The American captain Charles Wilkes led an expedition in 18381839 and was the first to claim he had discovered the continent. [88] In early 2008, about 570km2 (220sqmi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000km2 (5,800sqmi) of the ice shelf at risk. [2] As such, a number of notable ice features have been described on the continent. Its hard to predict what may happen in the future, but if oil were to be found underneath all the ice, the sovereigns will hold on to their claims much stronger. NA. [107] The 1987 Montreal Protocol has restricted the emissions of ozone-depleting substances. [40][41] Ammonites were common in the seas around Antarctica, and dinosaurs were also present, though only a few Antarctic dinosaur genera (Cryolophosaurus and Glacialisaurus, from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of the Transantarctic Mountains,[42] and Antarctopelta, Trinisaura, Morrosaurus and Imperobator from Late Cretaceous of the Antarctic Peninsula) have been described. Robertson Land, Wilkes Land, and Victoria Land. Countries and dependencies of the world in alphabetical order from A to Z and by letter, showing current population estimates for 2016, density, and land area However, seven different countries have claimed territory in Antarctica. Antarctica covers more than 14.2millionkm2 (5,500,000sqmi), making it the fifth-largest continent, slightly less than 1.5times the area of the United States. Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth. Bouvet Island French Southern Territories Heard Island and McDonald Islands South Georgia and the South Sandwich Island The countries are not sorted in continents or regions but we have all the information we need to arrange the countries into continents or regions. [163], The American explorer Richard E. Byrd led four expeditions to Antarctica during the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s, using the first mechanised tractors. [29] For a large proportion of the Phanerozoic, Antarctica had a tropical or temperate climate, and it was covered in forests.[30]. Claims generally come from explorers who visited between the 19th century and 20th century. However, there are a variety of man-made places in Antarctica including two civilian bases. Here we can find all countries list in the world and they have been categorized as per their continents. [80], Precipitation in Antarctica occurs in the form of snow, which accumulates and forms the giant ice sheet that covers the continent. Most of the content is covered with ice that averages about 1.5 miles thick across the surface. Antarcticus is derived from the Greek - ('anti-') and ('of the Bear', 'northern'). [1], Geologists primarily study plate tectonics, meteorites, and the breakup of Gondwana. [195] Tourism is subject to the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol;[196] the self-regulatory body for the industry is the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators. To get a clearer picture, you need to understand more about the events that preceded the treaty system that keeps the fifth-largest continent of the world in check, protecting it from armed conflicts and petty squabbles. 12. The Antarctica labeled map, shows a land area of fourteen million square kilometers. No new claim, or enlargement of an existing claim, to territorial sovereignty in Antarctica, shall be asserted while the present treaty is in force.. Both ice shelves act to stabilise the glaciers that feed into them. [178], In 1539, the King of Spain, Charles V, created the Governorate of Terra Australis, which encompassed lands south of the Strait of Magellan and thus theoretically Antarctica,[179] granting this Govenorate to Pedro Sancho de la Hoz,[180][181] who in 1540 transferred the title to the conquistador Pedro de Valdivia. Several dependent territories include sub-Antarctic islands north of 60S. A large number of islands surround Antarctica. [4], Until the discovery, belief by Europeans in the existence of a Terra Australisa vast continent in the far south of the globe to balance the northern lands of Europe, Asia, and North Africahad existed as an intellectual concept since classical antiquity. I think thats Halloween is a time to let loose and try something new. Ognian chervonets. . 8 Best Vegan & Vegetarian Cafs in London, 10 Best South/South-East Asia Destinations for Chill Yet Adventurous Budget Travel. [134], Captain James Cook's ships, HMSResolution and Adventure, crossed the Antarctic Circle on 17 January 1773, in December 1773, and again in January 1774. Where vegetation occurs, it is mostly in the form of lichen or moss. [115], A Census of Marine Life by some 500 researchers during the International Polar Year was released in 2010. Ethiopia, the hottest country in the world, is located in Africa. [1] However meltwater from the continent's ice features produce a number of rivers and streams. [198] The numbers of tourists fell rapidly after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an Antarctica region that covers a landmass of 2.7 million square kilometers. Check out the name of countries in Antarctica with their capital. [143] In 1775, he called the existence of a polar continent "probable," and in another copy of his journal he wrote: "[I] firmly believe it and it's more than probable that we have seen a part of it". The Languages Of Antarctica Factors that may aid in their distribution include temperature differences between the deep ocean at the poles and the equator of no more than 5C (9F) and the major current systems or marine conveyor belts which are able to transport eggs and larva. [10] Antarctica was adopted in the 1890s, with the first use of the name being attributed to the Scottish cartographer John George Bartholomew. For thousands of years, the continent's terrain was inaccessible and mysterious, earning it the moniker "Dark Continent.". However, as can be expected of any place on Earth where interests of various countries collide, waters get muddied rather abruptly. The region covers 2,000 square kilometers and consists of ice-free land along the coastal areas. Sub-Antarctic islands north of 60S conditions and is covered in snow all year round division. The Antarctica labeled map, shows a land area of fourteen million square kilometers mount Aconcagua, located in summer. 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