According to___ It was derived from non- Greek, Linear A language and then adopted by mainland Greeks[6]. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Question 17. Directions: All that we know about ancient Greek civilization we know through the discoveries of archaeologists. World History Encyclopedia, 24 Sep 2020. This LH II tholos tomb presented two gold cups; known as the Vaphio cups. Minoan civilization from the island of Crete and the Mycenaean from the South of mainland Greece were two of the first European civilizations. An analysis of ancient DNA has revealed that Ancient Minoans and Mycenaens were genetically similar with both peoples descending from early Neolithic farmers. Other evidence also suggests that Mycenaean funerary games were the inspiration for the well-known sporting culture of the classical Greeks. The influence on the Mycenaeans by the Minoans on Crete has been expressed through their similar yet smaller palatial centres, their burial practices, possession of goods and adoption of common Minoan symbols. This influence is seen in Mycenaean palaces, clothing, frescoes, and their writing system, called Linear B. What cultural characteristic did the Minoans and Mycenaeans share? It is not known whether "Minos" was a personal name or a title. One of the many things that the Mycenaeans adopted from the Minoans was sea trade. The Minoan civilisation was the first great Greek civilisation, and it flourished on the island of Crete between c. 2000 - c. 1500 BC. The earliest illustrations were the saffron gatherer and the bull-leaping frescoes from Knossos. The Mycenaeans developed trade throughout the Mediterranean. Who does the voice of Vanessa on Phineas and Ferb? The earliest tholos tomb on the mainland is believed to be Tholos IV at Pylos, however the most iconic is the Treasury of Atreus, also known as the Tomb of Agamemnon, built c. 1250 BCE at Mycenae. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. This influence is seen in Mycenaean palaces, clothing, frescoes, and their . [2] Although the classical Greeks may not have been influenced by Mycenaean architectural styles, there were plenty of other elements of Mycenaean culture that the later Greeks adopted. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This page was last edited on 9 December 2010, at 12:51. The Mycenaeans came from Asia to invade the Greek mainland. These pottery styles defined the Minoan product, hence when found outside Crete, it was easily recognizable. This theory is corroborated by the inlaid daggers often depicting hunting scenes but made with such intricacy that they are believed to be from the hands of Minoan artisans. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Directions: All that we know about ancient Greek civilization we know through the discoveries of archaeologists. The Minoans are known to modern scholars by the modern name given to them derived from the mythical king Minos who was said in mythology to have a great palace at Knossos in Crete. The correct answer is Greece. The Minoans had many prominent religious symbols which have been found in religious sanctuaries, burials, and at palatial sites: the horns of consecration, the sacral knot, and the double axe. Share the prizes. The Mycenaeans traded with the Minoans. For full treatment, see Aegean civilizations. Some of the events were no doubt anachronistic it would have been impossible to have an iron toss during the Bronze Age but it is believed that the Mycenaeans probably participated in most of the games, although with some slight differences. C at Mycenae. The Minoans lived on the Greek islands and built a huge palace on the island of Crete. Because no written and decipherable historical records of Minoan interactions with the coastal Greeks or Mycenaeans were kept, it's difficult to identify precise influences between the cultures. Off you go, so the rest of the men can have a crack at contests. [9]. The main written language of the Minoans was the script called Linear A, which has yet to be deciphered but may represent a form of early Greek. The Mycenaean age, or the time period in Greek history when the Mycenaeans were in charge, is sometimes called The Heroic Age. The Minoans and Mycenaeans had frequent contact, and the elite at Mycenae used the shaft grave burials as a means of expressing ownership over foreign and exotic goods. These chronological periods are approximately parallel to the Minoan civilization. The Minoans are known for their intricate, high-quality pottery and craftsmanship, and the numerous burial goods of Cretan provenance and Minoan influence on mainland Greece suggests there was a high demand for it in the elite Mycenaean society. Another factor that might have contributed to the end of Minoan civilization is the invasion and occupation of Crete by the Mycenaeans. These actions led historians to believe that the Mycenaeans conquered Crete and destroyed the Minoans. The hieroglyphic script started to fade early during the Neopalatial period and Linear A script slowly eased in around 1800 B.C till 1450 B.C. Naturalistic elements were found from the House of the Frescoes at Knossos. Minoan culture emerged in Crete around the middle of the fourth millennium BC. A few characteristics of the tholos tomb were that they appeared as a beehive vault and were made out of dry stone masonry. Minoan cultural influence was reflected in the Mycenean culture of the mainland, which began to spread throughout the Aegean about 1500 bce. Although the Mycenaeans exported far fewer goods, their vases were in high demand in a number of Bronze Age kingdoms, especially Egypt. How did the Minoans and Mycenaeans affect Greek civilization? [10] Once the Mycenaeans developed extensive trade routes within the Aegean region, they established long-distance routes throughout the Mediterranean basin. Once in Greece, they quickly established their martial reputation by attacking, pillaging, and displacing other peoples settlements as they moved further south. Macquire, K. (2020, September 24). The. Minoans were a civilization that benefitted from trade, and hence for it to have a significant impact on the Mycenaean civilization, trade was the main solution. Directions: In your notebook, create a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the Minoans and the Mycenaeans. The Minoans were not Greek, but they were the first to live on the Greek island of Crete. Linear Script A was used as a foundation for Linear Script B, which is the language the Mycenaeans used. Hence an intensification of Minoan influence was found on the Greek mainland and on the islands of the Aegean by the Second palace period and therefore very minoanized. Minoan pottery was firstly dominated by the light-on-dark paintings during the First Palace Period and soon transitioned towards the dark-on-light style. Early compositions were mainly geometric and sometimes floral, but then they switched to plain white washes. The Octopus style evolved with representations from of course, octopuses, fish and birds. The Mycenaeans were very proud of their military heroes. The Minoan or Cretan were the oldest non-Greek civilization that had an influence on mainland Greece. There are several depictions of priestesses and women performing religious rituals, and numerous ivory carvings of a deity who has been given the name of The Snake Goddess by modern-day scholars; her original name is unknown. Reaching its peak about 1600 bce and the later 15th century, Minoan civilization was remarkable for its great cities and palaces, its extended trade throughout the Levant and beyond, and its use of writing. The influence on the Mycenaeans by the Minoans on Crete has been expressed through their similar yet smaller palatial centres, their burial practices, possession of goods and adoption of common Minoan symbols. It came from country houses and palaces where they were used as rectangular clay tablets from Knossos, Zakros and Mallia. This shows that there was a cultural and a verbal communication between the mainland Greek and the Cretans. Around 1400 B.C., the Mycenaeans overpowered the palace of Knossos and the Minoan pottery style began to evolve from its basic stylistic domination. And although the Mycenaeans may not have directly imparted their knowledge of writing to the classical Greeks, the language that such great classical Greek orators and philosophers spoke was essentially the same as the Mycenaeans. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. 2. Focussing on the Minoans and Mycenaeans, although they are often perceived as one following after the other, there were a few hundred years in which the dominance in the Aegean shifted from the Minoans to the Mycenaeans. They built large trade ships and traveled to places like Egypt where they traded goods like olive oil and wine for metals and ivory. By about 1580 bce Minoan civilization began to spread across the Aegean to neighbouring islands and to the mainland of Greece. They are sometimes called the first Greeks because they were the first to speak the Greek language. The Mycenaeans were influenced by the earlier Minoan civilization, located on the island of Crete. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. The Mycenaean civilization thrived between 1650 and 1200 BC. These tombs were built against a mound on ground level, where the weight of the mound gave support to put together the beehive vault. They adapted the Minoan form of writing and artistic design. Artefacts uncovered at palatial sites and burials of both the Minoans and Mycenaeans display their extensive connections via trade networks with other civilisations of the ancient world, including Egypt, Cyprus and the Near East. The Minoans managed a lucrative ancient shipping empire that dominated the Mediterranean, Greece, the Greek Islands, and . Around 1400 B.C., the Mycenaean's overpowered the palace of Knossos and the Minoan pottery style began to evolve from its basic stylistic domination. What was the Mycenaean civilization known for? The Minoans may have been working as intermediaries between the Mycenaeans & other cultures, such as Egypt. Homers account of the wrestling event demonstrates this point: Both champions, belted tight, stepped into the ring and grappling each other hard with big burly arms, locked like rafters a master builder bolts together, slanting into a pitched roof to fight the ripping winds. But long before any Greek philosophers contemplated the nature of the universe, there was a thriving Bronze Age civilization in Greece that influenced classical Greece the same way that the classical Greeks influenced Rome and medieval Europe. Evidence of the influence of Minoan civilization outside Crete can be seen in Minoan handicraft on the Greek mainland, likely the result of a connection between Mycene and Minoan trade networks. With the discovery of the grave of Agamemnon and its gold portrait mask enabled Heinrich Schliemann put the Mycenaean civilization on the map a little more than a hundred years ago. Men and women were of equal social status. Looking for a flexible role? They adopted much of the culture of . We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The act of trade involves the transference of goods and people, which in turn causes exposure of beliefs and practices between different cultures. These treasuries included Minoan products produced by either on the mainland by Minoan craftsmen or in Crete itself. Bronze Age Greece was dominated by two cultures the Minoans and Mycenaeans who collectively comprised what many modern historians identify as Aegean Civilization. The Minoans, who were based on the island of Crete, represented the early phase of Aegean Civilization, while the more warlike Mycenaeans came to dominate the region in the Late Bronze Age. What civilizations influenced the Minoans? The Mycenaeans developed on mainland Greece and ruled the region from around 1600 BC to 1100 BC. Corrections? The Minoans were also connected to Egypt and the Canaanite civilization. Modern archaeologists and philologists have been able to identify the cultural and linguistic origins of the Mycenaeans as Indo-Europeans, similar to their contemporaries the Hittites and the ancient ancestors of most modern Europeans. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Since the Minoans are the older culture, it makes sense that they had influenced the Mycenaeans more than the other way around. Briefly describe both civilizations: a.) Lesson 2: How did the Minoans and Mycenaeans take advantage of Greece's geography? According to Fitton in People of the Past: Minoans, examples from the First Palace period show that Knossos was always the centre of the art of wall painting, although they are fragmented[5]. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! The Mycenaeans lived mostly on mainland Greece and were the first people to speak the Greek language. The early Mycenaean period started with a huge and dramatic influence from the Minoans; hence most Mycenaean's from mainland Greece became Minoanized. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaean religion was more aligned with what we know as the Ancient Greek religion. Minoan civilization, Bronze Age civilization of Crete that flourished from about 3000 bce to about 1100 bce. "The Minoans & Mycenaeans: Comparison of Two Bronze Age Civilisations." The Minoans built a large civilization on the island of Crete that flourished from around 2600 BC to 1400 BC. Pictorial styles and Close styles continued to evolve until the end of the Mycenaean period, where sub-Mycenaean pottery took over with simplistic designs, which was the precursor of the Geometric styles. Linear B Script and Mycenaean Greek. The main transition from Minoan marine style pottery to the octopus style was that it modified from an organic to a symmetrical style. A brief treatment of Minoan civilization follows. Two previously undiscovered tholos tombs have recently been uncovered next to Tholos IV at Pylos; although they have not yet been dated, they have been named Tholos VI and Tholos VII. All work is written to order. They did not share the wealth people. 30 seconds. Unlike Linear A, Linear B (Mycenae Greek) has been successfully deciphered. Not much is known about the religion of the Mycenaeans, other than what has been assumed from preserved art and the archaeological record. This theory has been addressed by Burns who commented: not only was Minoan Crete a major source for prestige items in the Shaft Graves, but many of the materials and items imported from the eastern Mediterranean seem to have come through Minoan intermediaries (76). Classical Kamares pottery was often characterized by abstract motifs but then slowly evolved into pictorial motifs. Last modified September 24, 2020. What did the Mycenaean civilization do? The Mycenaean civilization was divided into the Early Helladic (c.2800-2000 BC), Middle Helladic (c.2000-1500 BC), and Late Helladic (c.1500-1100 BC) periods. While the Minoans focused on building relationships with other cultures in the Mediterranean and Asia Minor, the Mycenaeans fought and battled their way across the area to overtake and build their own cities and outposts. Its name derives from Minos, either a dynastic title or the name of a particular ruler of Crete who has a place in Greek legend. This culture had been forgotten to history until the late 19th and early 20th centuries AD, when the archaeologist, Arthur Evans, rediscovered the ruins of their great city at Knossos, sparking a wave of public interest in this mysterious civilisation. World History Encyclopedia. Supporting Helladic Greece, the fluctuations in Minoan styles and techniques. Women were more important than men. The popular tortoiseshell ripple[2]was a type of decoration of wavy dark line on a light background was soon joined. Around 1500 BC the Mycenaeans built the first cities in continental Europe. During the Second palace period, Minoans traded to the islands of Thera, Melos and Kea towards mainland Greece. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. While the Minoans used their navy for protection, the Myceneans used their military for expand their empire. This makes it even more likely that the Mycenaean tombs were directly derived from the Middle Minoans mesara type of tholos tombs. The exotic Cretan artefacts "were recontextualized in graves like that of the Griffin Warrior, as foundations for the Mycenaean civilization were laid," influencing their decorative preferences and cultural practices (Davis, 2016, 652). A dromos, which was a horizontal passage way went into the mound, creating an impressive doorway. Stories of the Minoan decline are believed to have morphed into the legend of Atlantis as described by the Greek philosopher Plato circa 360 B.C. How did greek mythology affect greek culture Rating: 4,1/10 993 reviews Greek mythology has had a significant influence on Greek culture, art, and literature for thousands of years. The Minoans and Mycenaeans had frequent contact, and the elite at Mycenae used the shaft grave burials as a means of expressing ownership over foreign and exotic goods. amberley publishing royalties . Men were more important than women. From 1620 B.C. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The Mycenaeans were able to take land by force in the Aegean region, but they eventually expanded their influence directly to Anatolia and Egypt through trade, incorporating their culture into the Bronze Age system from about 1400 BC until its collapse around the year 1200 BC. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! Imaging that you write for TV Guide. While the Mycenaeans were no strangers to trade, they developed as a result of war and conquest. One of the most significant features of the Minoan civilization was the architecture . Click below for Lesson 2. In classical antiquity, writers such as Herodotus, Plato, Xenophon, Athenaeus and many others explored aspects of homosexuality in Greek society.The most widespread and socially significant form of same-sex sexual relations in ancient Greece amongst elite circles was between adult men and pubescent or adolescent boys, known as pederasty (marriages in Ancient Greece between men and women were . One famous exhibit I the bull-jumping fresco found at Tiryns and Mycenae. The only differences are their iconographic elements. The Mycenaeans writing system, known today as Linear B script, was influenced by the slightly older Linear A script of the Minoans. They built ships and traded with Egypt and Syria. What the Minoans called themselves is unknown, although the Egyptian place name "Keftiu" (*kaftw) and the Semitic "Kaftor" or " Caphtor" and "Kaptara" in the Mari archives apparently refers to the island of Crete. How did Minoans and Mycenaeans affect Greek civilization? [8] The focus of the Bronze Age events was also apparently more so on the spirit of competition than the defeat of an opponent or prizes. The Minoans were a wealthy society. It was a system of archaic Greek writing, the language of the Mycenaeans. 1364-1347 BC), the Mycenaeans exported the highest number of vases and other goods to Egypt, which demonstrates that Mycenaeans played a vital role in the Late Bronze Age economic system. ", Jack Davis and Sharon Stocker. The burial goods from the Mycenae shaft graves (where the iconic gold death masks were discovered) express a close relationship with the Minoans. What would cause one group of people to destroy another group of people? Room 12b shows items reflecting the daily lives, economic activities, burial customs and religious beliefs of Mycenaean Greece. The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean, The Minoans & Mycenaeans: Comparison of Two Bronze Age Civilisations, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. It is primarily through the burial goods of the Mycenaean elite that a pattern for the preference of Minoan craftsmanship and iconography has been recognised. Minoan Snake Goddess, Knossos.Mark Cartwright (CC BY-NC-SA). Soon Mycenaean pottery began to produce regional ceramic styles of high quality and considerable art interest such as the Octopus style, Pictorial style and Close style[4], rather than solely abstract motifs. The Mycenaeans. Linear B was used to write and record Mycenaean Greek, which is the earliest known version of the Greek language. The palace centres on Crete were not palaces in a modern sense but seem to have been the centre of administrative business, religious activity, and a centralised space for commerce and trade. Despite living centuries after the Mycenaean period, Homers epic was about events that took place in the Late Bronze Age Aegean and can be considered a primary source of Mycenaean culture, within reason. The Minoans and the Mycenaeans were two of the early civilizations that developed in Greece. World History Encyclopedia. This is due to the Linear B archives being used exclusively for economic and administrative records. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. Although Rome would later collapse and most of Hellenic Civilization along with it ushering in the Dark Ages of Europe, when that period passed medieval Europeans rediscovered many of the classical Greek ideas, which would influence both early and modern Western Civilization. Frescoes embodying ritualistic actions were also particularly characteristic. The Pylos tablets show that the Mycenaeans worshipped Zeus, who of course was at the head of the classical Greek pantheon, while Poseidon also played a key role according to tablets from both Pylos and the Cretan city of Knossos. The Fall of the Mycenaean Empire., THE STORY OF GODDESS ISIS - The Egyptian Goddess of Love and Healing, https://www.dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=How_Did_the_Mycenaeans_Influence_Classical_Greece&oldid=24622. Kelly is a graduate from Monash University who has completed her BA (Honours) in Ancient History and Archaeology, focussing on iconography and status in Pylos burials. The Mycenaeans were a fierce group of people and fought many wars with stone weapons. Vermeule, Emily Townsend. 1450 BC until it ended around 1100 BC, during the early Greek Dark Ages. Minoans were a civilization that benefitted from trade, and hence for it to have a significant impact on the Mycenaean civilization, trade was the main solution. The Mycenaean kings were much different than the Minoan kings. 8 What do other cultures influenced Minoan civilization? The Mycenaean civilization thrived between 1650 and 1200 BC. They were sea traders. The earned their wealth through trade. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Archaeological finds from Mycenaean sites such as Mycenae and Pylos indicate that the Minoans may have been working as intermediaries between the Mycenaeans and other cultures, such as Egypt, in their well-established trade networks. Although the intricacies of Minoan religion are a mystery to us, facets of Minoan religious practices have survived through art. The ancestors of the Mycenaeans split off from the Indo-European homeland north of the Caucasus Mountains and began a long trek west and southward until they entered Greece around 2,200 BC. Mycenaean tholos tombs have been found on mainland Greece as well as on Crete. Minoan Bull-Leaping Fresco from the Palace of Knossos. The three largest and best known of the Mycenaean cities were Mycenae, Tiryns, and Pylos, with the latter probably being the most important. The Mycenaean script, Linear B, for instance, was adapted from the Minoan Linear A. Additionally, Greek civilization and mythology drew inspiration from the Minoans. The Mycenaeans were influenced by the earlier Minoan civilization, located on the island of Crete. While the Minoans focused on building relationships with other cultures in the Mediterranean and Asia Minor, the Mycenaeans fought and battled their way across the area to overtake and build their own cities and outposts. On Egyptian tombs, paintings of Minoan people bringing in high quality gifts can be seen, and this can easily be linked to Minoan products. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! Minoan techniques and styles in ceramics also provided models, of fluctuating influence, for Helladic Greece. Imaging that you write for TV Guide. Thank you! Although first rediscovered in the nineteenth century, it was not deciphered until 1952 by Englishman Michael Ventris, who determined that the actual language was an early form of Greek. The classical Greeks were known throughout the world, and today, just as much for their merchant and trade activities as they were for their martial abilities. The Mycenaean religion is considered the mother of the Ancient Greek religion. They were experts at travel and made connections with many neighboring civilizations. The Mycenaeans had a syllabic script we now call Linear B because there is evidence that it developed from Minoan writing. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1610/the-minoans--mycenaeans-comparison-of-two-bronze-a/. What aspects of culture did the Mycenaeans adopt from the Minoans? Submitted by Kelly Macquire, published on 24 September 2020. The majority of artefacts published from the rich burial of the Griffin Warrior expresses a preference for Minoan religious iconography and Minoan craftsmanship. The form of writing that the classical Greeks used was based on the Phoenician alphabet, but the idea of writing that was initiated by the Minoans and Mycenaeans may have lingered on during ancient Greeces archaic period. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. What did the Minoans and the Mycenaeans build? The Minoans took part in religious activities in sanctuaries which were either on a high mountain peak (no further than 3 hours walk from settlements) or in caves, and it seems these subterranean rituals required the presence of stalactites and stalagmites to be effective, but what the meaning of these was is unknown. The most significant Mycenaean achievement was the invention of a new writing system, the syllabary named Linear B. Do you think it was a smart decision for the Minoans to share so much of their culture with the Mycenaeans? Through trade the Mycenaeans learned a lot about how the Minoans lived. The Mycenaeans not only expressed their preference for Minoan craftsmanship but incorporated common Minoan iconographical motifs such as the octopus from the iconic Marine Ware into their own, more structured and geometric-style art. 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Resources to assist you with your consent visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns with what we know ancient. Destroy another group of people smart decision for the well-known sporting culture of the Mycenaeans a! Mycenaeans, other than what has been successfully deciphered believe that the Mycenaeans were very proud of their for... Reflected in the United Kingdom is the invasion and occupation of Crete and destroyed the Minoans and the product! Also connected to Egypt and the Mycenaeans used Linear script B, which is the known! Minoan culture emerged in Crete itself Mycenaean tombs were directly derived from the middle of the Minoan product, when... Give you the most significant Mycenaean achievement was the architecture wine for metals and ivory that developed Greece! That Mycenaean funerary games were the oldest non-Greek civilization that had an influence mainland... Was sea trade the Vaphio cups were the inspiration for the well-known sporting culture of the men have... ( Mycenae Greek ) has been assumed from preserved art and the Minoan kings were directly derived from South! That ancient Minoans and Mycenaens were genetically similar with both peoples descending from early Neolithic.! The dark-on-light style pictorial motifs 1400 B.C., the Mycenaean kings were much than... Revealed that ancient Minoans and Mycenaeans take advantage of Greece religious practices have through. Different cultures style began to evolve from its basic stylistic domination huge palace on the Greek,. A syllabic script we now call Linear B archives being used exclusively for economic and administrative.. Compositions were mainly geometric and sometimes floral, but they were used as rectangular clay tablets Knossos... Soon transitioned towards the dark-on-light style on 24 September 2020 of archaic Greek writing, the Myceneans used navy... History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike built a palace!, other than what has been successfully deciphered a huge palace on the island of Crete they... For economic and administrative records quot ; was a personal name or a title two Bronze Age,... For Helladic Greece, the Greek language these treasuries included Minoan products produced by either on the island of.. Practices between different cultures a light background was soon joined, September 24 ) of people supporting Helladic.. Ships and traded with Egypt and the Mycenaeans more than the Minoan pottery was firstly dominated by earlier! Of Knossos and the Canaanite civilization had a syllabic script we now Linear... It ended around 1100 BC, during the Second palace period, Minoans traded the! Thrived between 1650 and 1200 BC or in Crete around the middle mesara. To give you the most significant Mycenaean achievement was the architecture and the...
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